Author: Bjørn Lovén
From 15 April to 26 June 2001, the Ephorate of Underwater Antiquities
kindly allowed us to perform an extensive underwater survey of the
eastern part of Zea Harbour. The focus of the 2001 survey was the
area in front of the shipsheds excavated by Dragátsis and Dörpfeld
(Area 1). The only currently accessible structures exposed in the
1885 excavation are the upper parts of shipsheds 1, η and parts
of χ preserved in the basement of Sirangiou 1. Furthermore, two
columns are preserved in two flowerbeds on the pavement outside the
building.
Dr. Steinhauer, Ephor of the Second Ephorate of Prehistoric and
Classical Antiquities, also extended permission for us to electronically
survey the shipshed remains inside the basement of the modern building.
This was accomplished with a Total-station and the Reflectorless
Electronic Distance Measurement system (REDM). We expanded this
accurate survey to include the submerged architectural remains preserved
in the harbour basin. In addition, sections were drawn of the colonnades,
ramps, and walls preserved in the basement.
In Area 1 evidence was found of substantial remains of the superstructure,
ramps and side-passages under the present sea level, which will
add significantly to the understanding of the architecture and function
of the Zea shipsheds. The electronic survey of these structures
demonstrates that they line up with the shipshed remains surveyed
on land. In Area 2 we found remains of several well preserved shipsheds.
During the Peloponnesian War the entrances of the three harbours
of the Piraeus were fortified towards the sea. This was done with
fortified quays that ended in towers which made it possible to close
off the harbour entrance with a chain, the so called limani kleistos
– the closable harbour. In Area 3 remains of the south-eastern
fortified quay is build into the modern quay, and the underwater
survey determined that remains of this quay and other structures
probably related to the harbour fortifications are preserved in
the sea. Next to the fortified quay we discovered, yet another shipshed,
which is probably the last building in the south-eastern part of
the shipshed complex before the fortified harbour entrance.
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